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Maria Agnesi

                                                        University of Bologna

     The University of Bologna is more than nine hundred years old. It is also is the oldest continually operating degree-granting university in the world. The University of Bologna allowed society to become center of learning and applying its knowledge to common day things. The University of Bologna survived the death of its protector Barbarossa, who was killed during the Third Crusade. The attempt by the City Government to declare control over the 'societates' was resisted by the students, who re-grouped themselves according to their origins. The students known as Citramontani were non-Bolognese. The Italians who came from beyond the mountains: Lombards, Tuscans, Romans were a group. And those known as Ultramontani were non-Italians who came from nations beyond the Alps: France, Spain, Provence, England, Normandy, Catalonia, Poland, Germany. Every person divided themselves in the group they felt best in.